2026 State Ballot Measure Guide

2026 State Ballot Measure Guide

With 164 statewide ballot measures on the ballots across 40 states, voters have a lot to study to make informed policy decisions this election day.

Americans for Tax Reform’s (ATR’s) 2026 State Ballot Measure Guide provides analysis and guidance on 65 state-level ballot measures, initiatives, and amendments across 29 states that will impact Americans’ pocketbooks, free enterprise, and freedoms.

American taxpayers will see ballot questions this fall which will determine whether they face higher income, property, and wealth taxes, whether state spending caps are strengthened or weakened, and whether future tax hikes require the consent of a supermajority of voters or their elected representatives.

Find your state below to learn more about the key measures on your ballot.

65Measures
29States
YES NO NEUTRAL

▶ Jump to a State

Select a state below to move directly to its ballot measures.

The Yellowhammer State

Alabama

School District Consolidation Process Amendment

POLICY AREAEducation / Local Government
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish a constitutional process allowing two or more county school districts to consolidate into a single school district, subject to specified procedures and voter approval.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Last Frontier

Alaska

Citizenship Voting Requirement Initiative

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Amend state law to provide that only United States citizens may vote in any election, replacing the existing language that states “every citizen” meeting the qualifications may vote.

ATR GUIDANCE

Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Repeal Alaska’s top four primary and ranked-choice voting system, returning the state to partisan primary elections and eliminating ranked-choice voting for general elections.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Grand Canyon State

Arizona

Proposition 141

POLICY AREATransportation Taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prohibit the state and local governments from imposing taxes or fees based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and from enacting rules to monitor or limit a person’s vehicle miles traveled without that person’s consent.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 144

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Make several changes to Arizona election law, including specifying that only United States citizens may vote in state elections and requiring voters to present a government-issued photo ID when casting a ballot.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 316

POLICY AREATaxes / Local Government
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prohibit local governments from imposing or increasing taxes on the sale of food without voter approval and cap any such tax at 2 percent.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 319

POLICY AREAGovernment / Law Enforcement
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prohibit state and local governments from using traffic photo enforcement systems unless approved by voters.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Natural State

Arkansas

Creation of Economic Development Districts Amendment

POLICY AREAEconomic Development / Local Government
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Amend the Arkansas Constitution to allow the legislature to create Economic Development Districts and authorize loans and grants of public funds to support economic development projects within cities, counties, or cooperative areas.

ATR GUIDANCE

Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Amend the Arkansas Constitution to provide that only citizens of the United States may vote in state and local elections.

ATR GUIDANCE

Natural Resources Commission Bond Measure

POLICY AREABonds / Infrastructure
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Authorize the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission to issue up to $500 million in general obligation bonds to finance water-related infrastructure projects, including water treatment, transportation, waste disposal, pollution abatement, drainage, etc.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Golden State

California

Proposition 2

POLICY AREAState Budget
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Increase the cap on California’s Budget Stabilization Account from 10% to 20% of General Fund revenues and exclude deposits into the reserve from the state’s constitutional spending limit (the Gann Limit).

This measure would allow politicians to keep an extra tens of billions ($10,000,000,000+) of taxpayer dollars to spend in future years, and undermine a key spending limit that has kept government in check for decades.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 3

POLICY AREAIncome Taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Permanently extend the additional income tax rates on high-income earners that were approved by voters in 2012 and are currently scheduled to expire in 2031, with revenues dedicated primarily to education and healthcare programs.

Re-approving California’s 13.3% top income tax rate – the highest income tax in the nation – will hasten California’s steady decline as families, dollars, and investment capital flee to other states.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 39

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require voters to present government-issued identification when voting, require election officials to verify voter citizenship using government records, and require annual reporting on voter citizenship verification rates.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 40

POLICY AREATaxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Impose a one-time 5% tax on taxpayers and trusts with covered assets valued at more than $1 billion to fund healthcare, food assistance, and public education programs.

This measure proposes an unprecedented 5% tax on billionaires’ assets—an unconstitutional seizure of wealth that has already sent $777 billion fleeing the state and threatens deeper budget crises if passed. Read more from the Independent Institute here.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 41

POLICY AREATax Administration
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require audits of programs funded by new state special taxes, require recurring audits of those programs, and prohibit new state taxes that exempt their revenues from California’s constitutional spending limit.

Audits help keep corrupt politicians in check, especially when they include new bans on “special” state taxes.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 42

POLICY AREATaxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prohibit the state from enacting new taxes on personal property, including retirement accounts, financial assets, investment accounts, business interests, and intellectual property, and prohibit certain retroactive state taxes.

The alternative to Prop 40, this measure establishes rock-solid protections against retroactive taxes and forbids ANY taxes on personal property, including retirement accounts, small business assets, and intellectual property.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 43

POLICY AREATaxes / Local Government
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require a two-thirds vote of the electorate to enact, extend, or increase local special taxes and prohibit local governments from imposing ad valorem property taxes except as otherwise authorized by the California Constitution.

The famous Prop 13 required 2/3 of voters to approve any new taxes, but cities and counties found a loophole to get around that rule – by calling a new tax a “special” tax, they now only need 50% support. Restoring the 2/3 threshold limits municipalities from imposing unnecessary taxes.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 45

POLICY AREARegulatory Reform
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Modify California’s environmental review process by establishing timelines for reviewing certain housing, transportation, water, energy, and public safety projects and limiting judicial review to expedite project approvals.

By eliminating red tape, this measure should substantially increase the speed of new housing construction across California.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Centennial State

Colorado

Proposition NN

POLICY AREATaxes; TABOR
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Allow Colorado to retain and spend additional revenue above its existing Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights (TABOR) limit rather than return that money to taxpayers.

ATR GUIDANCE

Amendment 87

POLICY AREATaxes; TABOR
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish a graduated income tax, ranging from 3.7% to 8.4%, remove the uniform tax rate requirement from the Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights (TABOR), and exempt the additional revenue from TABOR’s normal revenue limit.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 136

POLICY AREATaxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish Colorado’s existing 4.4% income tax rate as the maximum rate, restricting the state’s ability to impose higher income tax rates.

ATR GUIDANCE

Proposition 137

POLICY AREASales tax Revenue; TABOR
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Exempt portions of sales tax revenue from TABOR’s constitutional limits, reducing revenue available for taxpayer refunds in years when the state exceeds its TABOR cap.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Sunshine State

Florida

Amendment 3

POLICY AREAProperty Taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Expand Florida’s homestead property tax exemption, lower the annual assessment cap for non-homestead properties, and restrict how municipalities can use property tax revenue. School property taxes are unaffected. The restrictions on local government spending are a major win, as is the commercial property tax cap being tightened from 10% to 5%. Without a strong levy or local government revenue cap, making the measure work long-term requires containing local government spending, and the state must not engage in raising taxes to subsidize local governments. Further homestead tax exemption increases will be especially risky.

ATR GUIDANCE

Changes to Budget Stabilization Fund Amendment

POLICY AREAState Budget
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Increase the maximum size of Florida’s Budget Stabilization Fund from 10% to 25% of net general revenue and make other changes to the state’s budget reserve requirements.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Peach State

Georgia

Increase Acre Limit for Agriculture and Timber Conservation Use Property Tax Classification Amendment

POLICY AREAProperty Taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Increase the maximum acreage eligible for Georgia’s agricultural and timber conservation use property tax classification from 2,000 acres to 4,000 acres, allowing additional qualifying land to receive the preferential property tax assessment.

ATR GUIDANCE

Require Nonpartisan Elections for Probate Judges Amendment

POLICY AREAElections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require probate judges to be elected on a nonpartisan basis, with candidates’ party affiliations removed from the ballot.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Aloha State

Hawaii

Authorize RISE Bonds Amendment

POLICY AREABonds / Economic Development
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Authorize the state legislature to allow counties and municipalities to issue housing infrastructure growth (RISE) bonds to finance public infrastructure, public improvements, and community development projects that support housing development.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Hawkeye State

Iowa

Amendment 1, Two-Thirds Legislative Vote Requirement for Income Tax Increase Bills Amendment

POLICY AREAincome tax, state legislative voting requirements
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Amend the Iowa Constitution to require a two-thirds vote of both chambers of the legislature to pass a bill that would increase the individual or corporate income tax rate or create a new income tax.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Sunflower State

Kansas

Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment

POLICY AREAVoting requirements
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Amend the state constitution to state that only a citizen of the United States is eligible to vote.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Old Line State

Maryland

State Employee Collective Bargaining and Budget Amendment

POLICY AREALabor
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require the governor’s budget to provide for expenditures necessary to implement the terms and conditions of employment, including wages, hours, and benefits, agreed to in each MOU or binding arbitration between the state, state institutions of higher education, the Maryland Environmental Service, and their state employees. The amendment would also leave room for statutory changes to collective bargaining for state employees, including the selection of an arbitrator and establishing a binding arbitration process.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Bay State

Massachusetts

Question 1, Public Records Requirements for Legislature and Governor’s Office Initiative

POLICY AREApublic information
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Would make records held by the state legislature and governor’s office available to the public, with limited exceptions.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 2, Permit Collective Bargaining for Committee for Public Counsel Services Employees Initiative

POLICY AREAlabor
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Permit employees of the Committee for Public Counsel Services to participate in collective bargaining practices and requiring them to request funding from the governor for agreements within thirty days after entering any collective bargaining contract.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 3, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative

POLICY AREAelections
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish a single primary for state elections in which all candidates appear on the same ballot regardless of party affiliation, with the top two vote-receivers advancing to the general election.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 4, Permit Same-Day Voter Registration Initiative

POLICY AREAvoting requirements
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Allows eligible voters to register and vote on the same day.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 5, Change State Tax Revenue Limit Initiative

POLICY AREArevenue and spending limits
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Closes loopholes in the existing state revenue limit to better protect taxpayers.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 6, Establish the Nature for All Fund Initiative

POLICY AREAspending, land use
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Create a fund for state money, titled the Nature for All Fund, to be used to fund nature conservation efforts, and requiring that before July 1, 2028, fifty percent of the tax revenue from the sale and use of sporting goods, recreational vehicles, and golf courses be placed into the fund, followed by one hundred percent of such tax revenue after July 1, 2028.

ATR GUIDANCE

Question 7, Limit on Required Lot Size for Single-Family Homes Initiative

POLICY AREAland use
THIS MEASURE WOULD

require cities and towns to allow single-family homes on residential lots of at least 5,000 Square feet, with at least 50 feet of street frontage and access to public water and sewer services.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Great Lakes State

Michigan

Utility and Government Contractor Campaign Finance Regulations Initiative

POLICY AREACampaign Finance
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Limit public discourse and free speech with onerous and excessive campaign finance regulations.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Silver State

Nevada

Question 7

POLICY AREAVoter ID policy
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require vote-by-mail voters to verify their identity using the last 4 digits of their social security number or their driver’s license

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Granite State

New Hampshire

Eliminate Office of Register of Probate Amendment

POLICY AREAConstitutional wording changes; Administrative organization
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Eliminate the Office of Register of Probate (handles simple wills, estates, trusts, etc.)

ATR GUIDANCE
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Land of Enchantment

New Mexico

Establish Salary for State Legislators Amendment

POLICY AREASalaries of government officials
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish a salary for state legislators which is equal to the annual median household income of the state.

ATR GUIDANCE

Higher education improvements Bond Issue

POLICY AREAPublic education funding, bond issues, higher education funding
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Creates a statewide property tax to authorize $230 million in bonds for improvements to schools.

ATR GUIDANCE

Library Acquisition Bond Issue

POLICY AREABond issues, public education funding
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Creates a statewide property tax to authorize $20 million in bonds for library resource acquisition.

ATR GUIDANCE

Senior Citizen Facilities Bond Issue

POLICY AREABond issues
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Creates a statewide property tax to authorize $30 million for senior citizen center improvements.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Tar Heel State

North Carolina

Property Tax Levy Limit Amendment

POLICY AREAProperty taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require state legislators enact a property tax levy limit capping annual growth in property tax collections.

ATR GUIDANCE

Reduce Income tax Cap from 7% to 3.5% Amendment

POLICY AREAIncome taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Reduce maximum allowable income tax rate from 7% to 3.5%.

ATR GUIDANCE

Require Voter Identification Amendment

POLICY AREAVoter ID policy
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require photo identification to vote.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Peace Garden State

North Dakota

Constitutional Measure 1

POLICY AREABallot measure supermajority requirements, initiative and referendum process, ballot measure process
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require a 60% vote for amendments to be adopted

ATR GUIDANCE

Constitutional Measure 2

POLICY AREAPublic education funding
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Establish that schools must provide student a free breakfast and free lunch

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Buckeye State

Ohio

Require Voter Identification Amendment

POLICY AREAVoter ID policy
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Ensure voters must provide photo id before voting

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Sooner State

Oklahoma

State Question 845

POLICY AREAState judiciary oversight
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Base judicial nominating commission appointments on congressional districts, allows commissioners to serve 2 consecutive terms, removal limits based on party affiliation, and allow certain commission members to be licensed attorneys.

ATR GUIDANCE

State Question 847

POLICY AREAHomestead tax exemptions, property tax exemptions, property taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Lower the annual limit on increases in a property’s fair cash value

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Ocean State

Rhode Island

Economic and Infrastructure Development Bond Measure

POLICY AREABond Issues
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Issue $100 million in bonds to provide new funding for infrastructure and economic development projects.

ATR GUIDANCE

Environment and Watershed Protection and Development Bond Measure

POLICY AREABond Issues & Natural Conservation
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Issue $55 million in bonds to provide new funding for environmental preservation and water infrastructure projects.

ATR GUIDANCE

Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure

POLICY AREABond Issues & Higher Education Funding
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Issue $275 million in bonds to provide further funding for construction, improvements, and renovations of higher education facilities.

ATR GUIDANCE

Historical Center and Cultural Grants Bond Measure

POLICY AREABond Issues
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Issue $50 million in bonds to provide new funding in cultural and historical projects.

ATR GUIDANCE

Housing Development Bond Measure

POLICY AREABond Issues & Housing Development Funding
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Issue $120 million in bonds to provide further funding for the construction and new development of affordable housing projects and areas.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Mount Rushmore State

South Dakota

Constitutional Amendment I

POLICY AREAMedicaid
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Peg the expansion of Medicaid to a minimum 90% federal match

ATR GUIDANCE

Constitutional Amendment J

POLICY AREAElections & Voting
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Ensure that an individual who is not a U.S. citizen cannot vote in any election or ballot question.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Volunteer State

Tennessee

Amendment 2

POLICY AREAProperty taxes; State legislative authority
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prohibit the state legislature from establishing property taxes of any kind.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Beehive State

Utah

60% Vote Requirement for Ballot Initiatives to Increase or Expand Taxes Amendment

POLICY AREABallot measure supermajority requirements; Initiative and referendum process
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Require citizen-initiated ballot measures involving new or higher taxes or property taxes to receive at least 60% voter approval.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Evergreen State

Washington

Repeal Tax on Household Income Over $1 Million and Prohibit State and Local Taxes on Income Initiative

POLICY AREAIncome taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Eliminate the tax on household income above $1 million and bar state and local governments from taxing individual income.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Mountain State

West Virginia

Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment

POLICY AREACitizenship voting requirements
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Specify in the state constitution that voting in elections is limited to U.S. citizens.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Badger State

Wisconsin

Prohibit Partial Veto to Increase Tax or Fee Amendment

POLICY AREAState executive powers and duties
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Prevent the governor from using partial veto authority to impose new taxes or fees or raise existing ones.

ATR GUIDANCE
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The Equality State

Wyoming

Initiative 1

POLICY AREAHomestead tax exemptions; Property tax exemptions; Property taxes
THIS MEASURE WOULD

Exempt 50% of a homeowner’s primary residence assessed value from property taxes.

ATR GUIDANCE
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Sources: Ballotpedia.org; various state department of elections and secretary of state sites.